مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1387)

In spite of numerous studies have been done about stress and stress induced analgesia, the role of sex hormones on pain perception and effect of stress on reproductive system had not been known as well. Therefore, the aim of the present experiment was investigation about the effects of chronic and acute restraint stress on nociception and serum level of sex hormones in male and female rats. The study was carried out on 147 rats. Animals were initially submitted to acute restraint stress (1 h) or chronic stress (two weeks-1h/day). Then, submitted to tail flick test to evaluate nociception. After that blood sample was taken directly from the heart and serum sex hormones level was estimated by radioimmunoassy method. Results were analysed statiscally by the nonparametric Mann-whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In both male and female rats, acute restraint stress resulted to increment in latency in the tail flick test. On the other hand chronically stressed male rats presented a performance similar to the control group. Whereas chronically stressed females responed to restraint with a increase in tail flick latency. Acute and chronic restraint stress reduced testosterone level in male rats. In female rats, serum estradiol level decreased by acute stress but chronic stress did not influence on estradiol level. In addition restraint stress had not effect on testosterone and estradiol level in females and male rats respectively. The results show that nociceptive and gonadal hormone responses to acute stress are similar in both male and female rats but in chronic stress these responses are sex dependent.

health care workers always are at risk for needle accident in hospitals; and it may be a way for transmission of hepatitis B and C and HIV to these individuals. So the prevention (before and after accident) is very important. The aim of this study is evaluations of these actions in hospitals in Jahrom, Iran. This is a descriptive cross sectional study, in which the files of 54 health care workers with needle accident in 1385 are evaluated. 66.7% of the units were female and in 85.2% the preventional procedures was started in 24 hours and the mean time for starting these actions was 5 hours ± 7 minutes. In 50% of the cases, the source of the needle was unclear, and only 44.4% of the unites were completely followed.Conlusion: We need more works for education and better action of the committees of the infection control in hospitals.

Birth weight is one of the most important indices of health status of societies. Exposure with violence during pregnancy may influences the birth weight, the aim of this study is assessment of relationship between exposure with violence during pregnancy and low birth weight.

This case-control study carried out on 636 subjects (318 cases and 318 controls) that were matched by sex of neonate and pregnancy age. The cases selected using convenience sampling method and controls selected using quota sampling method in 2006-2007. The data collected using a structured questionnaire and interview method. The data were analysis by descriptive and analytical (chi-square and independent t test، odds ratio and logistic multiple regression model) statistic، using SPSS 13 software.

The mean of birth weight among cases and controls was 2. 217 ± 0. 334 and 3. 39 ± 0. 392 Kg, respectively. This study showed that 13% of women were not exposed with any violence during the pregnancy (10% of cases and 17% of controls). Multiple analysis using logistic regression showed that the chance of LBW among neonates that their mothers exposed with behavioral, sexual and physical violence were 1. 5 (P>0. 05), 2 (P>0. 05) and 4. 9 (P=0. 01) time more than unexposed group respectively. Discussion and

The results showed that physical violence during pregnancy influence the birth weight. Planning regarding decrease of violence (especially physical one) during pregnancy is highly recommended and justifying the families about its consequences is so important.

Depression is considered as one of the most important etiological academic failure in educational systems, that induced decrease social, professional and educational performance, therefore, recognize this problem is necessary for suppression educational failure in students and increase social position in the academic period and increase mental health in educational society. The aim of this study was determine prevalence depression in the medical students also the relationship with educational failure in the jahrom university medical science. Material This cross- sectional study was performed on all students (150), this study had two groups students; successful and unsuccessful students. A Beck questionnaire as well as a questionnaire for personal data especially those related to depression were used, the collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS. 45.5 percent students had mild to severe depression and there was relationship between depression and academic achievement (po/oo4), 75 percent successful students and 39.4 percent unsuccessful students had mild to moderate depression. There was no significant relationship between depression and sex, academic major, occupation and level of parental education. According to the findings, There are high prevalence sense of depression especially between unsuccessful students therefore, the follow up of mental health and personality and activation of mental Consultation centers are necessary.

Optimal performance of hospitals is depending on effective management of human and equipment. Nurse as most parts of human resource of hospitals have numerous occupational difficulties. Burnout is on of these problems that threat the physical and psychological health of nurse and is one of the impotent causes of absence, energy depletion and low efficiency among nursing staff. purpose of this study was the assessment of relationship between management approach of nurse administrators and Occupational burnout among nurse's staff of Golestan University hospitals. Study design was descriptive and analytical. 272 nurses from Golestan Province University hospitals were assess with by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and management approach questionnaire. MBI assess emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment and management approach questionnaire included planning, organizing, control, leadership, motivation, staff participation, reward and punishment. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS for windows. C-square and U-man-witny test were applied for analyses in this study. The age range of nurses were 29-45 years and, 95 of them were male and 177 were female (60 single and 206 married). 5.5 % of staff rated their head nurse's management approach very good, 51.15% partially good and 0.7% of them perceived it completely bad. There was a significant relationship between management approach of head nurses with Occupational burnout of nurses staff in terms of intensity and frequency of burnout (P<0.05) the effective management skills of the nurse administrator lead to better and high quality care with nursing staff. Because of the significant relationships between the management approach of nurse's administrators and Occupational burnout in this study it is very crucial to pay more attention to scientific management styles.

LBW and neonatal mortality in Jahrom city are higher than average of Iran; LBW causes neonatal mortality and morbidity. So this study performed to survey prevalence impact factors on LBW to design an interventional plane. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. In this survey 92 mothers with LBW child selected by census method. Information was collected by a standard questionnaire that includes demographic specification, knowledge, practice and the situation of health body of mothers in pregnancy and before pregnancy. The questionnaire completed by the educated questioners. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS version 11. The results indicated that 53% of mothers were their grades under diploma, and 71.4% didn’t refer in order to receive consult before pregnancy and 53.6% of mothers with LBW child were belong to the high risk group and they had history of the high risk factors in last pregnancy the most factor was the history of LBW in before pregnancy. This study suggests performing another survey on quality of prenatal care and impact of before care pregnancy to prevent LBW.

Object: Swaddling s a current custom has many advantages and disadvantages that. knowledge of mothers about them affect neonatal care. Aim of present study is assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers about swaddling and review of literature. Method and materials: In present study 190 mothers in spring 2006 were studied by questioner. Data included age, life place, parity, job, education; reasons, advantages and disadvantages of swaddling were collected. Knowledge, attitude and practice of mother and their correlation with other variables were evaluated. More than 95 percent of mother swaddled their babies due to custom or recommendation of their families. Better sleep (30.6%) and strong foot (30%) were the most common reasons for swaddling that were stated by the mothers. More than 90 percent of mother did not have knowledge about disadvantage of swaddling. There were statistically significant correlation between level knowledge of the mothers and their age, parity, life place and education. In regard to swaddling as a current custom and with respect of many advantages and disadvantages of swaddling in growth, development and better care of infants, it seems to better to provide pamphlet for increase knowledge of the mothers.

Good doctor patient communication has been shown to have a positive impact on a number of health outcomes in previous studies. But few such studies has been done in IRAN. We have designed this trial to assess the educational benefits of communication skills workshop based on Calgary-Cambridge guideline on the knowledge, attitude and practice of family physicians. Materials and MethodsThis study was performed in 2007 in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. This was an interventional, double blind and forward study. The population studied was 24 family physicians from Jahrom University of medical sciences. They were divided randomly in two groups consisting of 12 family physicians in each group. Inclusion criteria were family physician of Jahrom University of medical sciences and exclusion criteria were discontinued workshop. To evaluate the practice of family physicians we assessed satisfaction of their patients. 5 patients from each doctor were polled. Baseline knowledge, attitude and practice of each doctor were assessed using questionnaires. Then, 1 group of doctors participated in the communication skills workshop, while the other group did not. Two months after the communication skills workshop, knowledge, attitude and practice of both groups of doctors were re-assessed. The scores of both groups before and after the communication skills workshop were compared. Results were analysed using SPSS 11.5. ResultsThe mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of both groups before the workshop were compared and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (corresponding: p=0.830, p=0.924 and p=0.891). The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice of both groups after educational intervention were compared and the results showed that there was significant difference between both groups (corresponding: p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.000).ConclusionOur training intervention was effective in producing significant change in family physician's knowledge and attitude as well as the patient's satisfaction.